Solving a Rubik's Cube - Layer by Layer Method

Things to keep in mind :
1
 There are 6 sides, 6 colours and 27 small cubes. The small cube at the centre of a side never changes its position.
2
 As the centres are fixed, the centre colour defines the colour for the face.
3

Let us take these letters to represent the sides.

F = front face, B = back face, R = right face, L = left face, U = up face, D = down face
5

How to read the algorithm ?

Eg : L R' R2 means : Turn the right face by 90 CW, then turn the right face by 90 CCW, and finally turn the right face by 180 CW. CW - Clockwise , CCW - Counter Clockwise
 
Solving the First Layer- There is no specific algorithm for the first layer.
1
 Find the white coloured side(The center colour will be white). Form a white cross, in such a way that the two colours match on all the four sides.
2
 Now arrange the corner whites, so that the the up face are all white and the sides form a T shape by the respective colour. After this step, the cube will look as :
This completes the first layer.